Historia Campbell

Como la mayoría de los apellidos, Campbell viene de un clan.
Un clan es un grupo de gente unida por parentesco y ascendencia, está definida como la percepción de ser descendientes de un ancestro común. El mismo podía ser real o mitológico, humano o no, y en ese caso se habla de un tótem animal o de una planta. Aun si los verdaderos linajes no se conocen realmente los miembros del clan reconocen a un padre fundador símbolo de la unidad del clan. En general, el parentesco difiere de las relaciones biológicas ya que también envuelve la adopción, el matrimonio y lazos genealógicos ficticios. El vínculo que unía a los miembros del clan fue el parentesco que tenían como descendiente de un antepasado. Al igual que en la horda la organización fue matriarcal, debido a que las relaciones de familia se establecieron en la mayoría de los casos de madres a hijos. Los clanes se pueden describir de manera más sencilla como subgrupos de tribus y usualmente constituyen grupos de 7.000 a 10.000 personas. Los integrantes eran nómadas pastores, pobres que llevaban una vida frugal. Por lo general, los clanes viven en la igualdad originada por la escasez. El hecho de que todos los hombres porten armas y se sientan ligados por una solidaridad de sangre los convertía en excelentes guerreros.

La palabra clan proviene del gaélico clann, que significa "hijo" o "descendiente".

La historia Campbell está en Inglés.

Origins

The origins of Clan Campbell are uncertain. The earliest attested Campbell is Gilleasbaig of Menstrie (floruit 1260s), father of Cailean Mór, from whom the chiefs of the clan are thought to have taken their style MacCailean Mór. The byname kambel is recorded at this time. Fanciful reconstructions derive it from the French de Campo Bello, but the likely source is the caimbeul, an Early Modern Irish or Gaelic by name meaning wry mouth, crooked mouth or twisted mouth.

Regarding the earlier ancestors of Clan Campbell, there is good evidence that the Campbells themselves traced their descent from an earlier kindred known as the Mac Duibne, or perhaps the Uí Duibne. It has been suggested that the family's early landholdings, around Menstrie, and in Cowal, were related to the partition of the Mormaerdom of Mentieth in 1213, and that Gilleasbuig may have been a kinsman of Mormaer Muireadhach Mór. The lands around Loch Awe, which would later form the core of their possessions, were not held at an early date.

The name begins to be established in Argyll at the end of the 13th century, as followers of the Earl of Lennox, with Campbells owning lands in Kintyre and the famous warrior Cailean Mór (Great Colin) knighted (1280) and established at Loch Awe. Cailean Mór's older brother established at Strachur forming the oldest branch of Clan Campbell, see Campbell of Strachur.

Between 1200 and 1500 the Campbells emerged as one of the most powerful families in Gaelic speaking Scotland, dominant in Argyll and capable of wielding a wider influence and authority in the Hebrides and western Highlands.

Wars of Scottish Independence

The family of Colin Campbell went on to become firm supporters of King Robert the Bruce and benefited from his successes with grants of lands, titles and good marriages. They fought for the Bruce against the English at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 during the Wars of Scottish Independence. During the 14th century the Clan Campbell rapidly expanded its lands and power. This is partly explained by the loyalty of Sir Niall Campbell (Niall mac Caile), (d.1315), to the cause of Robert I of Scotland (the Bruce) – a loyalty which was rewarded with marriage to Bruce's sister Mary.

The family was closely associated with the Bruces and Stewarts in the time of Cailean Mór and his son Sir Niall mac Cailein. Cailean Mór was killed in battle against the Clan MacDougall, enemies of Bruce and Stewart, and Sir Niall was a staunch ally of King Robert Bruce. Cailean Mór's mother Affrica of Carrick was probably the first cousin of King Robert's mother, Marjorie, Countess of Carrick.

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HISTORIA DEL CLAN CAMPBELL

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